See esom on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faliscan",
"lang_code": "xfa",
"roman": "esú",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌞"
},
{
"lang": "Faliscan",
"lang_code": "xfa",
"roman": "esúm",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "sum"
}
],
"lang": "Old Latin",
"lang_code": "itc-ola",
"word": "esum"
}
],
"lang": "Archaic Latin",
"lang_code": "itc-ala",
"roman": "esom",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌"
}
],
"lang": "Latino-Faliscan",
"lang_code": "itc-laf"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hernican",
"lang_code": "xhr",
"roman": "esu",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "súm",
"word": "𐌔𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Pre-Samnite",
"lang_code": "itc-psa",
"roman": "esum",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "South Picene",
"lang_code": "spx",
"roman": "es m",
"word": "𐌄𐌔·𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "esu",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Volscian",
"lang_code": "xvo",
"word": "estu"
}
],
"lang": "Osco-Umbrian",
"lang_code": "itc-sbl"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₁ésti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésti"
],
[
"*bʰúHt",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰúHt"
],
[
"*bʰuH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-"
],
[
"*fuiō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fuiō"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*h₁ésti",
"4": "ine-pro:*bʰúHt"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*esom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰúHt",
"4": "",
"5": "to become"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*h₁ésti",
"4": "ine-pro:*bʰúHt"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Perfect indicatives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”), from *bʰuH-, which also supplies *fuiō (“to become”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "esom",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "som first-singular present indicative",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-conj-sum",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "esom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "som",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "est",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "(e?)somos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "estes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "(e?)sont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "eses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "eset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esomos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "esetes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "esent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siēm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "siēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "siēd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīmos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sītes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sīend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūistai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūomos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūistes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūēri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "es",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "este",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "estōd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"future",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "sēnts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sonts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "essi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"s-derivative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "verb",
"gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
"head": "*esom",
"head2": "*som",
"head3": "",
"head4": ""
},
"expansion": "*esom or *som first-singular present indicative",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "itc-conj-sum"
},
{
"args": {
"desc": "irregular, athematic",
"futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*estōd",
"perf_indc_1pl": "*fūomos",
"perf_indc_1sg": "*fūai",
"perf_indc_2pl": "*fūistes",
"perf_indc_2sg": "*fūistai",
"perf_indc_3pl": "*fūēri",
"perf_indc_3sg": "*fūe(d)",
"pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*este",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*(e?)somos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*esom / *som",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*estes",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*sent / *(e?)sont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*est",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*sīmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*siēm",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*sītes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*siēs",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*sīend",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*siēd",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "*sēnts / *sonts",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*esomos",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*esō",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*esetes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*eses",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*esent",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*eset",
"s_vn": "*essi"
},
"name": "itc-conj-base"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "irregular, athematic",
"futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*estōd",
"note": "",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "",
"perf_indc_1pl": "*fūomos",
"perf_indc_1sg": "*fūai",
"perf_indc_2pl": "*fūistes",
"perf_indc_2sg": "*fūistai",
"perf_indc_3pl": "*fūēri",
"perf_indc_3sg": "*fūe(d)",
"pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*este",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*(e?)somos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*esom / *som",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*estes",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*sent / *(e?)sont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*est",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*sīmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*siēm",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*sītes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*siēs",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*sīend",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*siēd",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "*sēnts / *sonts",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*esomos",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*esō",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*esetes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*eses",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*esent",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*eset",
"pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "",
"s_vn": "*essi",
"tu_vn": "",
"tu_vn2": ""
},
"name": "Template:itc-conj-base/core"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/esom",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"id": "en-esom-itc-pro-verb-CvEgfuq9",
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "esom"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*esom~*som",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ezom"
],
[
"*h₁ésti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésti"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*esom<alt:*ezom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"esom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ezom<alt:*esom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *esom~*som (“to be”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*esom<alt:*ezom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *esom~*som (“to be”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "esom",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sum"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Ahuidies\nDo not take me! I am with my three companions, [the property] of the two Audii.",
"ref": "c. 500 BCE, Garigliano bowl:",
"roman": "AHVIDIES\nNEI[- - -]PARIMEDESOMKOMMEOISSOKIOISTRIFOSAVDEOMDVO[M]",
"text": "𐌀𐌇𐌖𐌉𐌃𐌉𐌄𐌔\n𐌍𐌄𐌉[- - -]𐌐𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌𐌊𐌏𐌌𐌌𐌄𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌔𐌏𐌊𐌉𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌅𐌏𐌔𐌀𐌖𐌃𐌄𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌏[𐌌]",
"translation": "Ahuidies\nDo not take me! I am with my three companions, [the property] of the two Audii.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic Latin form of sum"
],
"id": "en-esom-la-verb-NGccUljG",
"links": [
[
"sum",
"sum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"Latin",
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "esom"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*esom~*som",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ezom"
],
[
"*h₁ésti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésti"
]
],
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{
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*esom<alt:*ezom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"esom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*ezom<alt:*esom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *esom~*som (“to be”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-ola",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ésti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*esom<alt:*ezom~*som><t:to be>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *esom~*som (“to be”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "esom",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "sum"
}
],
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "Ahuidies\nDo not take me! I am with my three companions, [the property] of the two Audii.",
"ref": "c. 500 BCE, Garigliano bowl:",
"roman": "AHVIDIES\nNEI[- - -]PARIMEDESOMKOMMEOISSOKIOISTRIFOSAVDEOMDVO[M]",
"text": "𐌀𐌇𐌖𐌉𐌃𐌉𐌄𐌔\n𐌍𐌄𐌉[- - -]𐌐𐌀𐌓𐌉𐌌𐌄𐌃𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌𐌊𐌏𐌌𐌌𐌄𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌔𐌏𐌊𐌉𐌏𐌉𐌔𐌕𐌓𐌉𐌅𐌏𐌔𐌀𐌖𐌃𐌄𐌏𐌌𐌃𐌖𐌏[𐌌]",
"translation": "Ahuidies\nDo not take me! I am with my three companions, [the property] of the two Audii.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Archaic Latin form of sum"
],
"links": [
[
"sum",
"sum#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"Latin",
"alt-of",
"archaic"
]
}
],
"word": "esom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Faliscan",
"lang_code": "xfa",
"roman": "esú",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌞"
},
{
"lang": "Faliscan",
"lang_code": "xfa",
"roman": "esúm",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "sum"
}
],
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"lang_code": "itc-ola",
"word": "esum"
}
],
"lang": "Archaic Latin",
"lang_code": "itc-ala",
"roman": "esom",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌"
}
],
"lang": "Latino-Faliscan",
"lang_code": "itc-laf"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Hernican",
"lang_code": "xhr",
"roman": "esu",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"roman": "súm",
"word": "𐌔𐌞𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Pre-Samnite",
"lang_code": "itc-psa",
"roman": "esum",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "South Picene",
"lang_code": "spx",
"roman": "es m",
"word": "𐌄𐌔·𐌌"
},
{
"lang": "Umbrian",
"lang_code": "xum",
"roman": "esu",
"word": "𐌄𐌔𐌖"
},
{
"lang": "Volscian",
"lang_code": "xvo",
"word": "estu"
}
],
"lang": "Osco-Umbrian",
"lang_code": "itc-sbl"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₁ésti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁ésti"
],
[
"*bʰúHt",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰúHt"
],
[
"*bʰuH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰuH-"
],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fuiō"
]
],
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"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" }\" data-lang=\"itc-pro\" data-title=\"*esom\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
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},
{
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"5": "to become"
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},
{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Perfect indicatives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”), from *bʰuH-, which also supplies *fuiō (“to become”).",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "som first-singular present indicative",
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]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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]
},
{
"form": "esom",
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"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
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]
},
{
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"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"indicative",
"present",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"indicative",
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
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"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
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"indicative",
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"present",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"passive",
"plural",
"present",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "eses",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "eset",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "esomos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "esetes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "esent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "siēm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "siēs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "siēd",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sīmos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sītes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "sīend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūistai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūomos",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūistes",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "fūēri",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"third-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"present",
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},
{
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"second-person",
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]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
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"passive",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
"source": "conjugation",
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"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "conjugation",
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"future",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "sēnts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sonts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "essi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"2": "verb",
"gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
"head": "*esom",
"head2": "*som",
"head3": "",
"head4": ""
},
"expansion": "*esom or *som first-singular present indicative",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "itc-conj-sum"
},
{
"args": {
"desc": "irregular, athematic",
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"perf_indc_1pl": "*fūomos",
"perf_indc_1sg": "*fūai",
"perf_indc_2pl": "*fūistes",
"perf_indc_2sg": "*fūistai",
"perf_indc_3pl": "*fūēri",
"perf_indc_3sg": "*fūe(d)",
"pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*este",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*(e?)somos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*esom / *som",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*estes",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*sent / *(e?)sont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*est",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*sīmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*siēm",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*sītes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*siēs",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*sīend",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*siēd",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "*sēnts / *sonts",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*esomos",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*esō",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*esetes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*eses",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*esent",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*eset",
"s_vn": "*essi"
},
"name": "itc-conj-base"
},
{
"args": {
"aor_indc_1pl": "",
"aor_indc_1sg": "",
"aor_indc_2pl": "",
"aor_indc_2sg": "",
"aor_indc_3pl": "",
"aor_indc_3sg": "",
"desc": "irregular, athematic",
"futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*estōd",
"note": "",
"past_pasv_ptcp": "",
"perf_indc_1pl": "*fūomos",
"perf_indc_1sg": "*fūai",
"perf_indc_2pl": "*fūistes",
"perf_indc_2sg": "*fūistai",
"perf_indc_3pl": "*fūēri",
"perf_indc_3sg": "*fūe(d)",
"pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*este",
"pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*(e?)somos",
"pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*esom / *som",
"pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*estes",
"pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*es",
"pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*sent / *(e?)sont",
"pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*est",
"pres_actv_opt_1pl": "*sīmos",
"pres_actv_opt_1sg": "*siēm",
"pres_actv_opt_2pl": "*sītes",
"pres_actv_opt_2sg": "*siēs",
"pres_actv_opt_3pl": "*sīend",
"pres_actv_opt_3sg": "*siēd",
"pres_actv_ptcp": "*sēnts / *sonts",
"pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*esomos",
"pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*esō",
"pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*esetes",
"pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*eses",
"pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*esent",
"pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*eset",
"pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_opt_3sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "",
"pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "",
"s_vn": "*essi",
"tu_vn": "",
"tu_vn2": ""
},
"name": "Template:itc-conj-base/core"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/esom",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Italic athematic verbs",
"Proto-Italic entries with etymon",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic irregular verbs",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic suppletive verbs",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to be"
],
"links": [
[
"be",
"be"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "esom"
}
Download raw JSONL data for esom meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.